腹腔镜胃癌根治或2D、3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨观察腹腔镜胃癌根治或2D、3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:选择本院2017年2月~2018年11月收治的60例胃癌患者且将其随机分成对照组与研究组,每组各30例。对照组30例行2D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,研究组30例行3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,对比观察临床疗效。结果:(1)比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,研究组显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)统计显示,研究组并发症发生率与对照组并无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胃癌根治术是治疗胃癌的有效术式,相比2D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的优势更明显。     

磁锚定技术辅助腹腔镜阑尾切除术的实验研究

目的:验证自行设计加工的磁锚定装置在减戳孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术中应用的可行性。方法:设计加工适用于辅助减戳孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的磁锚定装置,该装置包括内置抓钳和锚定磁体2个部分。以6只健康雄性Beagle犬为模型,用磁锚定装置代替传统腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的副操作孔抓钳,经主操作孔置入磁锚定内置抓钳并钳夹于阑尾尖部,体外放置锚定磁体,锚定磁体与内置抓钳的靶磁体相吸,移动锚定磁体即可改变内置抓钳的牵拉方向,从而有效牵拉暴露手术术野,完成减戳孔腹腔镜阑尾切除手术。记录手术操作时间、术中出血量,评价利用磁锚定装置进行阑尾切除时操作的安全性和可行性。结果:6只Beagle犬均顺利完成磁锚定技术辅助减戳孔腹腔镜阑尾切除,手术时间27~38 min,出血量均小于10 ml,术后实验犬状态良好,未出现并发症。结论:磁锚定装置用于减戳孔腹腔镜阑尾切除手术操作简单、安全可行,在相关设计进一步优化基础上,可尝试或试验性用于临床。     

Efficacy of the intracorporeal one-hand tie technique for renal pedicle control during hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy

ObjectiveThis study examined the efficacy of the intracorporeal one-hand tie technique for renal pedicle control during hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (HARN).MethodsThe intracorporeal one-hand tie technique was conducted in 32 consecutive patients with upper tract urothelial cancer that underwent HARN and open bladder cuff excision.ResultsAll suture ligatures were successful in securing the renal vessels, except one minor venous bleeding that occurred during vessel transection, which was then controlled by additional clips. The process of controlling the renal pedicle took an average of 12.4 minutes (range, 8–30 minutes). No pedicle control related morbidities were noted. By sparing the usage of endovascular clips and staplers, operative costs were reduced and associated malfunctions eliminated.ConclusionThe intracorporeal one-hand tie technique is an easy, reliable, and cost-effective method in controlling the renal pedicle during HARN. Its efficacy in pedicle control is beyond doubt.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗泌尿系疾病的围手术期护理体会

目的：讨论泌尿系疾病使用经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗的护理方法及体会。方法对我科2012年4月~12月住院患者行单孔腹腔镜手术治疗20例进行完善的术前准备、术后密切观察生命体征，实施各项护理措施预防并发症的发生。结果20例患者均顺利手术，手术后未发生并发症。结论单孔腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病在临床迅速发展，对手术患者实施针对性的护理，预防并发症，有助于加快康复，提高患者生活质量。     

单孔胸腔镜手术在结核性脓胸治疗中的应用

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜手术治疗结核性脓胸的应用价值,并总结相关临床经验。方法回顾性分析我院胸外科2015年1月～2017年12月住院手术治疗的120例结核性脓胸患者。依据纳入、排除的相关标准,在知情同意下将纳入患者随机分为研究组(单孔胸腔镜手术组,60例)和对照组(传统开胸手术组,60例),比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、胸腔引流管时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症。结果两组患者围术期均无死亡病例,中转开胸3例,中转开胸率为5%(3/60)。单孔胸腔镜组与传统开胸组相比较,手术时间分别为(88.00±15.77)min、(87.52±15.66)min,术中出血量分别为(236.33±15.16)mL、(443.75±43.69)mL,术后引流量分别为(423.93±41.49)m L、(663.92±16.28)mL,胸腔引流管时间分别为(2.92±0.10)d、(4.35±1.44)d,术后住院时间分别为(11.50±2.51)d、(13.65±2.52)d,两组患者的术中出血量、术后引流量、胸腔引流管时间及术后住院时间相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。比较两组的手术时间,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单孔胸腔镜组术后并发症的总的发生率为6.67%(4/60),传统开胸组术后并发症的总发生率为13.33%(8/60)。结论单孔胸腔镜手术治疗结核性脓胸创伤小、并发症少、住院时间短,患者恢复快,在临床应用中值得推广。但在临床实际中应根据患者病情合理选择手术方式。     

一项基于单中心腹腔镜前列腺癌手术难度的多重影响因素分析

目的寻找有效的围术期相关术前数据预测前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术的手术难度和风险。方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2017年4月接受腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术的125例前列腺癌患者的围术期资料,分为3组:A组为早期进行的48例腹膜外前列腺癌根治术患者、B组为后期进行的48例腹膜外前列腺癌根治术患者、C组为29例经腹腔前列腺癌根治术患者。将3组中符合体质指数≥25、前列腺体积≥30 mL、术前PSA水平≥10 ng/mL、有中叶突出这4个条件中的3~4个的患者划为高危组,0~2个的患者划为低危组。分别在A、B、C 3组患者中比较高危组与低危组之间在手术切缘阳性率、手术时长及术中出血量等可以直观体现手术难度数据上的差异。结果A、B、C 3组中,高危组的手术切缘阳性率、手术时长及术中出血量均显著高于低危组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体质指数、前列腺体积、术前PSA水平、中叶突出4个因素与手术难度密切相关,术前准确识别影响因素的数目和程度,有助于外科医师预断手术难度。     

Anatomical structures at risk using different approaches for sacrospinous ligament fixation

For 50 years now, sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) has been used to treat pelvic organ prolapse consequent on altered integrity of the pelvic myofascial structures. It is usually performed vaginally, but it has recently been performed laparoscopically through either an anterior or a posterior approach, with the broad ligament as a landmark to differentiate the two. In the present study, these two laparoscopic approaches were assessed using Thiel-embalmed cadavers. The anterior and posterior approaches were compared in terms of the closest distance to anatomical structures at risk, including pelvic viscera, the obturator nerve, and vascular structures. The posterior approach was more often closer to the investigated vessels and the rectum. The obturator nerve and the ureter were close to both the anterior and posterior approaches. The urinary bladder was closer using the anterior approach. From an anatomical standpoint, therefore, the anterior laparoscopic approach for SSLF is more likely to cause injury to the urinary bladder, whereas the posterior approach is more prone to causing rectal and vessel injuries. This study illustrates, from a basic science perspective, the importance of combining fascia research, novel endoscopic or minimally invasive surgical exposures informed by anatomy, and contemporary trends in gynecology in order to improve patient outcomes. Clin. Anat. 33:522–529, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.